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81 - 90 from 476 . In "TECHNOLOGY"
Posidonia Oceanica is an endangered seagrass species endemic to the Mediterranean Sea. — courtesy Euronews
Researchers regenerate underwater biodiversity destroyed by human activity
BRUSSELS — In this special edition of Futuris, we report on one of the missions that the European Union is launching to find solutions to the main challenges of our time.Five missions shape this initiative, part of the incoming Horizon Europe initiative which will begin in 2021: Carbon-neutral and Smart Cities, Soil Health and Food, Adaptation to climate change, the Fight against Cancer and the Protection of our Oceans and Inland waters.Our seas, oceans, coastal zones, glaciers and inland waters produce around half of the oxygen we breathe and provide 16% of the animal proteins we consume. But these rich and fragile ecosystems are under threat from climate change, pollution, over-fishing and tourism.How do we protect these environments and preserve their socio-economic value?Pascal Lamy...
December 09, 2020

Researchers regenerate underwater biodiversity destroyed by human activity

Not much data exists about the number of trees found in desert regions. — courtesy Unsplash
Satellites are mapping out every tree on Earth using AI
By Rosie FrostScientists have mapped 1.8 billion individual tree canopies across millions of kilometers of the Sahel and Sahara regions of West Africa. It is the first time ever that trees have been mapped in detail over such a large area.So how was it possible? Researchers analyzed a huge database of satellite images using artificial intelligence. They employed neural networks, which are able to recognize objects, like trees, based on their shapes and colors.To train it, the AI system was shown satellite images where trees had been manually traced. This involved lead author Martin Brandt going through the arduous process of identifying and labeling nearly 90,000 trees himself, beforehand.From these images, the computer learned what a tree looked like and could pick out individual canopies...
November 01, 2020

Satellites are mapping out every tree on Earth using AI

On the right is a porous anodized aluminum oxide membrane. The left side shows the same membrane after coating it with a thin layer of gold, making the membrane conductive for electrochemical gas gating. — courtesy Felice Frankel
A controllable membrane to pull carbon dioxide out of exhaust streams
By David L. ChandlerA new system developed by chemical engineers at MIT could provide a way of continuously removing carbon dioxide from a stream of waste gases, or even from the air. The key component is an electrochemically assisted membrane whose permeability to gas can be switched on and off at will, using no moving parts and relatively little energy.The membranes themselves, made of anodized aluminum oxide, have a honeycomb-like structure made up of hexagonal openings that allow gas molecules to flow in and out when in the open state. However, gas passage can be blocked when a thin layer of metal is electrically deposited to cover the pores of the membrane. The work is described in the journal Science Advances, in a paper by Professor T. Alan Hatton, postdoc Yayuan Liu, and four...
October 24, 2020

A controllable membrane to pull carbon dioxide out of exhaust streams

Helen Schwerdt, a postdoc in Ann Graybiel's lab, builds ultrathin probes (blue) that target brain microstructures with pinpoint accuracy. — courtesy photo: Michael D. Spencer
Scientists uncover new clues about Parkinson’s disease
By Jennifer MichalowskiAs the brain processes information, electrical charges zip through its circuits and neurotransmitters pass molecular messages from cell to cell. Both forms of communication are vital, but because they are usually studied separately, little is known about how they work together to control our actions, regulate mood, and perform the other functions of a healthy brain.Neuroscientists in Ann Graybiel’s laboratory at MIT’s McGovern Institute for Brain Research are taking a closer look at the relationship between these electrical and chemical signals.“Considering electrical signals side by side with chemical signals is really important to understand how the brain works,” said Helen Schwerdt, a postdoc in Graybiel’s lab.Understanding that relationship is also...
October 17, 2020

Scientists uncover new clues about Parkinson’s disease

This image shows a cutaway rendering of SPARC, a compact, high-field, DT burning tokamak, currently under design by a team from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Commonwealth Fusion Systems. Its mission is to create and confine a plasma that produces net fusion energy. — courtesy CFS/MIT-PSFC — CAD Rendering by T. Henderson
Validating the physics behind the new MIT-designed fusion experiment
David L. ChandlerTwo and a half years ago, MIT entered into a research agreement with startup company Commonwealth Fusion Systems to develop a next-generation fusion research experiment, called SPARC, as a precursor to a practical, emissions-free power plant.Now, after many months of intensive research and engineering work, the researchers charged with defining and refining the physics behind the ambitious tokamak design have published a series of papers summarizing the progress they have made and outlining the key research questions SPARC will enable.Overall, says Martin Greenwald, deputy director of MIT’s Plasma Science and Fusion Center and one of the project’s lead scientists, the work is progressing smoothly and on track. This series of papers provides a high level of confidence...
October 03, 2020

Validating the physics behind the new MIT-designed fusion experiment

Artistic impression of electric conduction and superconductor proximity effect in a heated graphene bolometer. — courtesy Heikka Valja.
IQM staff publishes a quantum-computer breakthrough in Nature
ESPOO, Finland — Prof. Mikko Möttönen's university research group and collaborators have engineered a fast and ultra-sensitive nanoscale bolometer that detects very faint microwave radiation. In fact, the radiation detected is so weak that heating up a cup of coffee at room temperature, for 1°C in a microwave oven would have taken 50 septillion times more energy. That is a 5 followed by 25 zeroes."The device is so tiny; it could even fit inside a bacterium," says Möttönen who is a joint Professor of Quantum Technology at Aalto University and VTT, and also a Co-Founder of IQM.The new bolometer can measure the energy of photons much more accurately and faster than before. This is essential for quantum computers, since measuring the energy of qubits, the quantum bits, is...
September 30, 2020

IQM staff publishes a quantum-computer breakthrough in Nature

3D artistic illustration of the wide-field-of-view metalens capturing a 180° panorama of MIT’s Killian Court and producing a high-resolution monochromatic flat image.” Credits: Mikhail Shalaginov, Tian Gu, Christine Daniloff, Felice Frankel, Juejun Hu
Engineers produce a fisheye lens that’s completely flat
By Jennifer ChuTo capture panoramic views in a single shot, photographers typically use fisheye lenses — ultra-wide-angle lenses made from multiple pieces of curved glass, which distort incoming light to produce wide, bubble-like images. Their spherical, multipiece design makes fisheye lenses inherently bulky and often costly to produce.Now engineers at MIT and the University of Massachusetts at Lowell have designed a wide-angle lens that is completely flat. It is the first flat fisheye lens to produce crisp, 180-degree panoramic images. The design is a type of “metalens,” a wafer-thin material patterned with microscopic features that work together to manipulate light in a specific way.In this case, the new fisheye lens consists of a single flat, millimeter-thin piece of glass...
September 26, 2020

Engineers produce a fisheye lens that’s completely flat

This artistic impression depicts Venus. Astronomers at MIT, Cardiff University, and elsewhere may have observed signs of life in the atmosphere of Venus. — courtesy ESO (European Space Organization)/M. Kornmesser & NASA/JPL/Caltech
Astronomers may have found a signature of life on Venus
By Jennifer Chu The search for life beyond Earth has largely revolved around our rocky red neighbor. NASA has launched multiple rovers over the years, with a new one currently en route, to sift through Mars’ dusty surface for signs of water and other hints of habitability.Now, in a surprising twist, scientists at MIT, Cardiff University, and elsewhere have observed what may be signs of life in the clouds of our other, even closer planetary neighbor, Venus. While they have not found direct evidence of living organisms there, if their observation is indeed associated with life, it must be some sort of “aerial” life-form in Venus’ clouds — the only habitable portion of what is otherwise a scorched and inhospitable world. Their discovery and analysis is published today in the journal...
September 20, 2020

Astronomers may have found a signature of life on Venus

This artist's concept illustrates a hierarchical scheme for merging black holes. LIGO and Virgo recently observed a black hole merger with a final mass of 142 times that of the sun, making it the largest of its kind observed in gravitational waves to date. — courtesy LIGO/Caltech/MIT/R. Hurt (IPAC)
A ‘bang’ in LIGO and Virgo detectors signals most massive gravitational-wave source yet
By Jennifer ChuFor all its vast emptiness, the universe is humming with activity in the form of gravitational waves. Produced by extreme astrophysical phenomena, these reverberations ripple forth and shake the fabric of space-time, like the clang of a cosmic bell.Now researchers have detected a signal from what may be the most massive black hole merger yet observed in gravitational waves. The product of the merger is the first clear detection of an “intermediate-mass” black hole, with a mass between 100 and 1,000 times that of the sun.They detected the signal, which they have labeled GW190521, on May 21, 2019, with the National Science Foundation’s Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO), a pair of identical, 4-kilometer-long interferometers in the United States;...
September 18, 2020

A ‘bang’ in LIGO and Virgo detectors signals most massive gravitational-wave source yet

Using four cameras mounted on a dog-like robot developed by Boston Dynamics, the researchers have shown that they can measure skin temperature, breathing rate, pulse rate, and blood oxygen saturation in healthy patients, from a distance of 2 meters. — Courtesy of the researchers
Robot takes contact-free measurements of patients’ vital signs
By Anne TraftonDuring the current coronavirus pandemic, one of the riskiest parts of a health care worker’s job is assessing people who have symptoms of COVID-19. Researchers from MIT, Boston Dynamics, and Brigham and Women’s Hospital hope to reduce that risk by using robots to remotely measure patients’ vital signs.The robots, which are controlled by a handheld device, can also carry a tablet that allows doctors to ask patients about their symptoms without being in the same room.“In robotics, one of our goals is to use automation and robotic technology to remove people from dangerous jobs,” says Henwei Huang, an MIT postdoc. “We thought it should be possible for us to use a robot to remove the health care worker from the risk of directly exposing themselves to the...
September 09, 2020

Robot takes contact-free measurements of patients’ vital signs

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